In data transmission, what is the technique that adds extra bits to detect and correct transmission errors?

The correct answer is Error Correction. This technique involves adding extra bits to the data being transmitted, allowing the receiver to identify and correct errors that may have occurred during the transmission process. Error correction codes are designed to not only detect that an error has occurred but also provide enough information to restore the original data. This capability is crucial in many communication systems where data integrity is vital, such as in telecommunications, data storage, and network communications.

Error correction methods, such as Hamming Code or Reed-Solomon Code, work by adding redundant bits to the data; these bits contain specific information regarding the original data's structure. When the transmitted data arrives at its destination, the receiving system uses these additional bits to determine if the data has been altered in any way during transmission, and if so, it can correct the errors based on the patterns established by the redundant bits.

While techniques like Parity Correction may offer a means to detect errors, they do not provide the ability to correct them. Error Detecting Codes serve to identify errors but do not rectify them as Error Correction does. The term Binary Correction does not represent a recognized method in the context of data transmission. Thus, understanding how Error Correction functions is essential for ensuring reliable data communication.