What process is used to remedy errors in high-speed data transmission by adding extra bits to the data characters before transmitting the data stream?

The process used to remedy errors in high-speed data transmission by adding extra bits to the data characters before transmitting the data stream is known as correction. This process involves the addition of redundant bits, often referred to as error-correcting codes, which allow the receiving system to detect and potentially correct errors that may have occurred during transmission due to noise, interference, or other issues.

In practice, correction techniques leverage algorithms that can identify discrepancies between the expected data pattern (including the redundant bits) and the received data pattern. If an error is detected, these techniques can mathematically determine the original data bits and correct the errors on the fly, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the transmitted information.

Other processes mentioned do not specifically focus on error correction. For instance, enhancement may refer to improving data signals but not specifically to error handling. Encoding refers to the process of converting data into a particular format for transmission but does not inherently involve correcting errors. Decoding is the reverse process of encoding, where received data is translated back into its original form, but it doesn't address error correction. Thus, the focus on correcting errors through additional bits makes correction the appropriate choice in this context.