What statement best defines 'learning outcomes'?

Learning outcomes are precise statements that articulate what students are expected to achieve or demonstrate as a result of their educational experiences. They focus on the skills, knowledge, attitudes, and competencies that learners should exhibit upon completing a course or program. This emphasis on student expectations aligns directly with the definition of learning outcomes, highlighting the desired results of the learning process.

In contrast, establishing goals for the semester reflects a broader planning perspective and does not specifically articulate what students will learn or be able to do. Descriptions of classroom activities and assignments provide context about how learning will occur but do not define the specific outcomes students should reach. Frameworks for student behavior and classroom management focus on the classroom environment rather than the educational achievements of the students themselves. Therefore, defining learning outcomes as statements regarding student expectations for learning provides clarity about the goals of educational assessments and instructional design.