Which type of assessment typically evaluates cumulative knowledge obtained over a lengthy period?

The correct answer is summative assessment, which is designed to evaluate and measure the cumulative knowledge and skills that a learner has acquired over a significant period. This type of assessment is usually conducted at the end of an instructional unit, course, or program. By aggregating all the information and performance data collected throughout the learning process, summative assessments provide a comprehensive view of what students have learned and their ability to apply that knowledge in practical situations.

For instance, final exams, end-of-term projects, or standardized tests often serve this purpose, as they reflect the overall success of the teaching and learning experience. Summative assessments can inform decisions about grades or the overall effectiveness of educational interventions, thus serving as a benchmark for both student performance and curriculum efficacy.