Which type of signal allows for the representation of samples as determined at specific instances of time?

The answer involves understanding what a deterministic signal represents. A deterministic signal is one where the value at any given instant can be precisely known and is predictable over time. This means that the samples taken from a deterministic signal at specific instances will yield consistent values every time they are measured.

In contrast, other signal types listed either have less definable characteristics or operate under different principles. A carrier signal is typically used in modulation and doesn't represent samples directly. Energy and power signals, while relevant in discussing signal characteristics, involve statistical properties and don't inherently focus on the precise representation of sampled data at specific times.

Therefore, a deterministic signal provides clarity in representation and predictability that aligns with the definition of how specific instances of time are utilized to determine exact values in signal processing.